建筑师眼中的理想图书馆：天使山修道院图书馆
The Ideal Library in the Eyes of an Architect : Mount Angel Abbey Library
理想图书馆系列研究 08
Ideal Library Series Research 08
推荐人：范久江
Recommender: Fan Jiujiang
A8设计中心：理想的设计图书馆是怎样的？可否推荐一个您理想的图书馆给A8设计中心？这个图书馆打动到您的地方是哪里？
范久江：在我看来，理想的设计图书馆除了设计类书籍会占主导地位以外，和一个理想的图书馆本无差别。因此，一个理想的图书馆，当然也就可以称为一个理想的设计图书馆。
而对于一个理想的图书馆来说，首先需要选址在一个适合阅读的、安静的地方，周边的环境氛围可以很普通、很日常，不需要特别吸引人注意力的外部景观，但必须可以让人专注面对书本与自我，可以进入沉思的状态。
图书馆的空间能够安抚人的身心，色彩温和，尺度宜人；书架需要能让读者轻松找到自己想看的书籍，阅读空间的光线要柔和适中，以漫反射进入的自然光结合局部的人工照明，让人可以意识到时间的缓慢流逝；阅读的桌椅可以让读者在阅读时肌肉放松但不松垮，家具的触感让人觉得不冷不热；书桌边有摆放笔记和文具的位置，以方便读者取用，也有可以安全放置水杯的地方；门把手和楼梯扶手都很友好，优雅且便于抓握，等等。这些点，都是一个理想的图书馆应该做到的。
A8 Design Center: What is the ideal design library? Can you recommend your ideal library to A8 Design Center? Where did this library impress you?
Fan Jiujiang：
In my opinion, an ideal design library is indistinguishable from an ideal library except that design books will dominate. Therefore, an ideal library can of course also be called an ideal design library.
For an ideal library, it first needs to be located in a quiet place suitable for reading. The surrounding environment can be very ordinary and daily. It does not require a special attention-grabbing external landscape, but it must be able to allow one can enter a state of contemplation by focusing on books and self.
The library space can comfort people's body and mind, with mild colors and pleasant scales; the bookshelves need to allow readers to easily find the books they want to read, and the light in the reading space should be soft and moderate. The natural light entering by diffuse reflection combined with local artificial lighting makes people can be aware of the passage of time. Reading tables and chairs allow readers to relax while reading, but not loose. The touch of the furniture makes people feel lukewarm. There is a place for notes and stationery beside the desk to facilitate readers. There is also a place where the water cup can be safely placed. Door handles and staircase handrails need to be friendly, elegant and easy to grasp, etc. These points are what an ideal library should do.
推荐图书馆：天使山修道院图书馆（Mount Angel Abbey Library）
我推荐的图书馆是由芬兰建筑师阿尔瓦·阿尔托（Alvar Aalto）在上世纪六十年代设计的天使山修道院图书馆，这是一座避世幽静的教会图书馆。和它的设计者一样，图书馆充满了人文主义关怀。图书馆的设计并不凸显出形式的力量，而是非常静谧地隐于人对空间的使用之中，从几何、尺度、材料、光线、色彩、触感、温度甚至声音层面照顾着、愉悦着使用者。
它并没有高耸入顶难以取读的大书架，也没有对着外面的树林做很大的取景框；它尊重个人的内省力量，激发人体面的举止行为；它有着木色与白色的墙面和内饰，给人温暖、平静的感受；配合精心调配过角度和位置的高侧窗，使得阅读空间和书架区域拥有各自合适的自然光照······
总之，阿尔托用他人文主义的设计，创造了一个让人可以安定，可以与图书进行真诚交流，可以自省与沉思的建筑空间。在这里，一种充满智性和诗意的艺术之美呈现出来。
Recommended library: Mount Angel Abbey Library
The library I recommend is the Mount Angel Abbey Library designed by Finnish architect Alvar Aalto in the 1960s. It is a secluded church library. Like his designer, the library is full of humanistic care. The design of the library does not highlight the power of form, but is quietly hidden in people's use of space, taking care and delighting users from the aspects of geometry, scale, material, light, color, touch, temperature and even sound.
It does not have large bookshelves that are too high to reach, nor does it have a large view frame facing the woods outside. It respects personal introspection and inspires human behavior. It has wood-colored and white walls. The surfaces and interiors give people a warm and calm feeling; with the high side windows with carefully adjusted angles and positions. The reading space and the bookshelf area have their own suitable natural lighting.
In conclusion, Aalto used his humanistic design to create an architectural space where people can be stable, can communicate with books sincerely, and can introspect and contemplate. A kind of intellectual and poetic artistic beauty is presented here.
A8设计中心：网络时代线下图书馆的竞争力或核心价值在哪里？
范久江：网络时代，线上的阅读越来越方便，我们想读什么类型的书，了解什么方向的知识，随便搜一下就可以轻易获得。但我觉得，很多时候我们去图书馆，并不是目的非常明确地想去获取某种知识和信息，而是期待一种真实时空体验下，与一本书甚至一个人的不期而遇。这种偶然性和期待感，在可被全面感知的外部真实世界中，所留下来的体验和记忆让人着迷。只有在这些时候，我们可以跳脱出被虚拟现实、大数据、云计算和智能搜索识别出的人生状态，一种身体和思维的自由状态才有可能被激发。
因此我认为，在网络时代，线下图书馆竞争力的核心价值，就是一种可以将人的感官真正打开的真实感。但这并不是说要去刺激人的感官，而是通过阿尔托的建筑那样，对于人的感知的深层次关怀，微妙地重新打开人的主动感知能力。而这一步，恰恰是今天我们生活在网络数字世界的人最稀缺的能力。
A8 Design Center: Where is the competitiveness or core value of offline libraries in the Internet age?
Fan Jiujiang：In the Internet decade, online reading becomes more and more convenient. What kind of books we want to read? In what direction of the knowledge we want to learn? All these questions can be easily obtained by just searching online. But I think for most of the time when we go to the library, we do not have a clear purpose for certain knowledge and information, but expect a real time and space experience, and unexpected encounters with a book or even a person. This kind of contingency and sense of expectation, in the external real world that can be fully perceived. The experience and memory left behind are fascinating. Only at these times, we can escape the state of life recognized by virtual reality, big data, cloud computing and intelligent search, and a state of freedom of body and mind may be stimulated.
Therefore, I believe that in the Internet decade, the core value of offline library competitiveness is a sense of reality that can truly open up human senses. But this is not to stimulate the human senses, but to subtly reopen people's active perception ability through the deep care of human perception like Aalto's architecture. And this step is precisely the scarcest ability for people who live in the online digital world today.
关于 Mount Angel Abbey Library
About Mount Angel Abbey Library
基本信息
Basic Information
建筑师：阿尔瓦·阿尔托
地点：美国 奥尔良
类型：图书馆
项目年份：1967年
Architect: Alvar Aalto
Location：Orleans, USA
Type：Library
Project Year：1967
天使山修道院图书馆，是由著名的芬兰建筑师阿尔瓦·阿尔托（Alvar Aalto）设计的世界闻名的建筑，是修道院的主要基督教服务之一。修道院图书馆的赞助人包括：安吉尔山修道院的学生、教职员工、安吉尔山修道院的僧侣、许多教派的学者和专业宗教人士、以及有兴趣需求的使用者和拥有借款人特权的人。天使山修道院图书馆反映并表明了委托人的精神和理念：建造一座图书馆，将阅读的愉悦与学习的效率联系起来。该图书馆提供了访问范围广泛的书籍和其他资料的大集合。该图书馆对客人、访问学者和公众开放，是西北太平洋地区最重要的神学图书馆之一。
Angel Mountain Monastery Library, a world-renowned building designed by the famous Finnish architect Alvar Aalto, is one of the main Christian services of the monastery. The patrons of the monastery library include: the students, faculty and staff of Mount Angel Monastery, the monks of Mount Angel Monastery, scholars of many denominations and professional religious persons, as well as users who are interested in requesting and those with borrower privileges. The Angel Mountain Monastery Library reflects and expresses the spirit and philosophy of the client: to build a library that links the pleasure of reading with the efficiency of learning. The library provides access to a large collection of books and other materials. The library is open to guests, visiting scholars and the public, and is one of the most important theological libraries in the Pacific Northwest.
空间结构体系
Structural system of the space
阿尔托（Aalto）采用了现代主义建筑和国际风格的技术，但是在整个过程中，建筑都非常具有有机的个性化风格。图书馆大楼位于修道院所在山丘的北侧，从正门看去，这座建筑显得小巧且不张扬，仿佛消失在周围的建筑中。图书馆外部四周有移植过来的树木，尽管该馆位于长满树木的山坡上，但独特的地理位置并未使设计师担心视野的问题：设计师非常巧妙地将阅览室设计在有利的位置，这样读者就不会受到干扰。
进入内部，大量的书架将图书馆的结构与内容物结合在了一起。建筑以戏剧性的方式在水平和垂直方向上扩展：建筑物散乱、且呈不对称的扇形，从大厅向外辐射到图书馆的后墙，并向下延伸到四层，以平整的面直至山下。扇形的后部设有大型落地窗，高处上方是中央空间，周围是天窗。这些设计使柔和、令人愉悦的光线渗透到库中。在整个建筑物中，会发现外墙上的开口，在这些开口之外，还可以看到周围的山谷和山脉的框架视图。
内外部的差异化通过对不同建筑材料的运用，很好地体现出来：图书馆的外墙面用的是红砖，内部墙壁使用的是木材和塑料，反映了太平洋西北地区的环境。
Aalto adopted modernist architecture and international style technology, but throughout the process, the building has a very organic and individual style. The library building is located on the north side of the hill where the monastery is located. From the front entrance, the building appears small and unassuming, as if it disappeared in the surrounding buildings. There are transplanted trees around the outside of the library. Although the library is located on a tree-covered hillside, the unique location does not make the designer worry about the problem of vision: the designer has very cleverly designed the reading room in a favorable position, so Readers will not be disturbed.
Inside, a large number of bookshelves combine the structure and content of the library. The building expands horizontally and vertically in a dramatic way: the building is scattered and in an asymmetrical fan shape, radiating from the lobby to the back wall of the library, and extending down to the fourth floor with a flat surface down to the mountain. There is a large floor-to-ceiling window at the rear of the fan shape, and a central space above the height, surrounded by skylights. These designs allow soft and pleasant light to penetrate into the library. Throughout the building, you will find openings on the outer walls, and beyond these openings, you can also see a framed view of the surrounding valleys and mountains.
The internal and external differentiation is well reflected through the use of different building materials: the library’s external walls are made of red bricks, and the internal walls are made of wood and plastic, reflecting the environment of the Pacific Northwest.
自然光的采集和利用
Collection and utilization of natural light
图书馆中有三个自然光充足的阅览室，设计师在设计时巧妙的将阅览区布置于靠窗一侧及靠天窗一侧，书库布置于空间中部。靠近天窗的白色倾斜表面有利于自然光的漫反射，从而营造良好的自然光氛围。这样的设计能够让读者在阅读时保持健康的生理和心理，同时又充分合理地使用自然光，节约能源保护环境。
在现代建筑艺术创作中，自然采光的方式成为建筑艺术重要的创作方式之一。而在实际的情况中，建筑自然采光的设计在很大程度上能够影响一个空间照明质量的好坏。要把握好空间里照明设计的质量，不仅需要研究人造光源的照明设计，更多时候需要考虑的是建筑本身的自然采光。掌控好建筑的自然采光，不仅能够满足建筑本身照明功能性的需求，而且还能够满足照明另一个高层次的要求——装饰照明。所以建筑的自然采光是照明设计中至关重要，必不可少的一部分。
There are three reading rooms with plenty of natural light in the library. In the design, the designer cleverly arranged the reading area on the side of the window and the side of the skylight, and the library was arranged in the middle of the space. The white inclined surface near the skylight is conducive to the diffuse reflection of natural light, thus creating a good natural light atmosphere. This design allows readers to maintain a healthy physiology and psychology while reading, while at the same time using natural light fully and reasonably, saving energy and protecting the environment.
In the creation of modern architectural art, natural lighting has become one of the important creative methods of architectural art. In actual situations, the natural lighting design of a building can affect the quality of a space to a great extent. To grasp the quality of lighting design in a space, it is not only necessary to study the lighting design of artificial light sources, but also to consider the natural lighting of the building itself. Good control of the natural lighting of the building can not only meet the needs of the building's own lighting functionality, but also meet another high-level requirement of lighting-decorative lighting. Therefore, the natural lighting of buildings is a very important and indispensable part of lighting design.
家具的收藏
Furniture Collection
天使山修道院图书馆是北美藏有Alvar Aalto家具最多的图书馆之一。图书馆中的绝大多数椅子，书桌，桌子，橱柜，架子和灯具都是Aalto设计的。
要辨识 Alvar Aalto 的家具作品，“木材”与“曲木”绝对是两个很重要的设计特征。图书馆中的多数家具都使用了Alvar Aalto研发的 L-leg（利用蒸气将桦木片压制弯曲成多层次的完美弧面，并做为增强座椅的支撑结构）的设计，同时Alvar Aalto也为其研发的 L-leg 申请专利。再加上后来20年间陆续发表的新型式 Y-leg、X-leg，这些都成为Artek品牌（Alvar Aalto创立的北欧家具设计品牌）沿用自今不辍的系统设计标准，80 年来已创造无数经典。
The Mount Angel Abbey Library is one of North America's largest collections of Alvar Aalto furniture. Most of the chairs, desks, tables, cabinets, shelves and lamps in the library were designed by Aalto.
To identify Alvar Aalto's furniture works, "wood" and "curved wood" are definitely two very important design features. Most of the furniture in the library uses the design of L-leg (using steam to press and bend the birch wood into a multi-level perfect arc, and use it as a support structure for the reinforced seat) developed by Alvar Aalto. Alvar Aalto also The L-leg developed by it applied for a patent. Coupled with the new styles of Y-leg and X-leg that were successively released in the next 20 years, these have become the Artek brand (the Nordic furniture design brand founded by Alvar Aalto), which has continued to use the system design standards since then, and has created countless classics in the past 80 years.
关于推荐人
About the Recommender
范久江
久舍营造工作室创始人、主持建筑师
现担任上海交通大学建筑学院客座讲师
东南大学建筑学院 本科
中国美术学院建筑艺术学院 硕士
